An Athena Ilias tetradrachm overstruck at Maroneia
January 2025
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Journal article
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Numismatic Chronicle
IGCH 1302 in the Archives Seyrig and at the BnF
September 2024
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Journal article
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Revue Numismatique
Henri Seyrig’s dossier of material on IGCH 1302 contained in the Archives Seyrig at the BnF indicates that this hoard was not dispersed in commerce as previously thought, but in fact resides at the BnF in almost its entirety. The clearer picture of the hoard’s origins provided in Seyrig’s papers combined with the ability to study the coins themselves makes it possible to place this hoard in a much more precise historical context than previously thought.
Previously unpublished evidence from the ‘Seleucus III’ hoard (CH X 272) demonstrates that the Alexanders of Attalus I split into two chronologically distinct series: one c. 235-225 (Kleiner I-VII), the other c. 205-195 (Kleiner VIII-XVIII). The die cutter at Pergamon responsible for this earlier series (Kleiner’s ‘Hand A’) also cut dies for contemporaneous series of Alexanders minted at Mytilene and Chios. The likely historical context for this co-ordinated production is Attalus I’s campaigns against Antiochus Hierax in the late 230s and early 220s.
Mytilene, Pergamon, Attalus I, Chios, Philetaeri, posthumous Alexanders
Bimetallism, coinage, and empire in Persian Anatolia
December 2023
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Journal article
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Phoenix
A re-examination of the numismatic, epigraphic, and literary evidence suggests that the silver/gold exchange rate in Persian-controlled Asia Minor fluctuated downwards in the late fifth and fourth centuries b.c.e. in response to the supply of gold and silver in neighbouring Greece. This has consequences for the economic and political history of this region.
New evidence for the late Hellenistic coinage of Lampsakos
September 2023
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Journal article
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Propontica
Hellenistic royal coinage
December 2021
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Journal article
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The Numismatic Chronicle
The Alexanders of Assos and Phokaia
December 2021
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Journal article
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Revue Numismatique
There has been considerable uncertainty in the attribution of Alexanders to Assos and Phokaia because both cities used a griffin as their civic badge. This article attempts to resolve these uncertainties by providing a die study of the Alexanders attributed to Assos and Phokaia and combining the results of this study with the available hoard evidence. This produces a new picture of the minting activity of Assos and Phokaia in the late 3rd and early 2nd century which raises questions about how the production of these high-value series fits into the broader context of the Attalid kingdom.
The late Hellenistic tetradrachms of Parion and Lampsakos
June 2021
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Journal article
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American Journal of Numismatics
This article presents die studies of the tetradrachms minted by Parion and
Lampsakos in the Hellenistic period. The Parion Group 1 tetradrachms date to the late 160s or
150s, whereas the Parion Group 2 and Lampsakos tetradrachms date not to the second quarter
of the 2
nd century as previously thought, but rather to the early 1st century. The overlooked
evidence of IGCH 1322 (western Asia Minor, 1964/5) provides proof for this later date in the
case of Lampsakos. New evidence about the composition of IGCH 1322 is presented which
allows some progress to be made in identifying the contents of this hoard. The down-dating of
these two coinages has two broader consequences. Firstly, Lampsakos’ decision to depict
Priapos on its coins for the first time with this series should be connected to an epiphany of
Priapos which occurred during the war with Aristonikos and significantly altered the god’s
status at Lampsakos for the rest of antiquity. Secondly, the downdating of the Parian and
Lampsakene series to a period of direct Roman rule raises the question of the degree to which
Rome was involved in the production of these coinages.
Coins from the Kırıkhan Hoard in Hatay Archaeological Museum
December 2020
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Journal article
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Numismatic Chronicle
This article publishes 83 coins from the Hatay Archaeological Museum in Antakya which derive from CH X 310 (Kırıkhan, Turkey, 1972). The existence of this packet has been known since the first notice of the hoard in CH I 87A, but the listing there and in subsequent publications has turned out to be inaccurate in several respects. The packet in Antakya includes a number of Seleucid and civic issues not previously listed for Kırıkhan and new dies and die links for the wreathed coinages of Cyme, Myrina, Heraclea, and Magnesia. The posthumous Lysimachus of Ilion and some of the wreathed tetradrachms of Cyme in the packet are of particular interest and provide an opportunity to revisit the dating and interpretation of these series.
The Kingdom of Priam Lesbos and the Troad Between Anatolia and the Aegean
April 2019
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Book
Since antiquity, commentators have recognized that Achilles is here describing
the geographical extent of Priam's kingdom. However, although the kingdom of
Priam which Achilles describes overlaps with or abuts multiple ancient regional ...
Lesbos (Greece : Municipality)
Memnon and Mentor of Rhodes in the Troad
December 2018
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Journal article
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Numismatic Chronicle
This article presents a small hoard group from the Troad which appeared on the London market in February 2016. The hoard group can be dated to the mid-350s when Memnon and Mentor of Rhodes were ruling the Troad on behalf of the Persian authorities. It therefore provides a much-needed fixed point in the chronology of Troad coinages which allows us to re-date a number of other 4th century silver coinages from the Troad to the 350s/340s, thus producing a new picture of the region’s minting activity in this period. The hoard group contains one example of a rare anepigraphic series depicting an archaic cult statue of Athena Ilias on the reverse. This and other numismatic depictions of this cult statue can now be placed in the context of Memnon and Mentor’s rule of the Troad and provide an important precedent for the Hellenistic and Imperial-era koinon of Athena Ilias as an expression of regional identity.
Preliminary observations on the archaic silver coinage of Lampsakos in its regional context
December 2018
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Conference paper
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Second International Congress on the History of Money and Numismatics in the Mediterranean World, 5-8 January 2017 - Proceedings
The Coinage and History of Achaiion in the Troad
July 2017
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Journal article
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Revue des Études Anciennes
Two issues of bronze coinage from the Troad with the monogram AX (late 4th/early 3 rd c. BC) have traditionally been attributed to Achilleion. However, excavations of Achilleion show that it was never more than a small fort. These coins should therefore be attributed to Achaiion, known to us from Strabo as the chief town of the nearby Tenedian peraia. In addition to the issues with the AX monogram, Achaiion also produced bronze coinage in the 2nd c. BC. It is argued that these two periods of minting probably represent periods of independence from Tenedos and thus prompt questions about the significance of the peraia to the Tenedian economy and the importance of bronze coinage in reconstructing the political history of the Hellenistic Troad.
This article presents the first die study of the coinage of the koinon of Athena Ilias, the evidence for which has doubled since the series was last catalogued in Alfred Bellinger’s Troy: The Coins (1961). The new evidence confirms the longevity of the series (late 180s/early 170s–60s/50s bc) and suggests that the series was minted continually but at a low level of production throughout this period. It also provides an opportunity to revisit the question of the identity of the magistrate named on the reverse of the coins and the length of time they were in office, questions which have primarily been discussed in relation to the epigraphic evidence. It is argued that the purpose of the coinage was twofold: to provide the agonothetai who ran the festival with cash with which to make external payments and to act as a status symbol for the koinon’s festival. The early dating of the series proposed here contributes to our understanding of the development of the phenomenon of civic spread-flan coinages in the midsecond century, while the late end date combined with the results of the die study provide an opportunity to look at the impact of the Mithradatic Wars on the finances of the koinon’s cities.
Mytilene, Lampsakos, Chios and the financing of the Spartan fleet (406-404)
January 2016
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Journal article
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Numismatic Chronicle
The unique electrum stater of Mytilene in the British Museum is usually thought to be imitating Kyzikene electrum and to belong to the context of the Mytilenaean revolt of 428/7. However, it should instead be compared to certain issues of electrum staters from Lampsakos and Chios. Hoard evidence in the case of Lampsakos and detailed knowledge of the series in the case of Chios mean that we can date these issues (and therefore that of Mytilene) to the last decade of the 5th century. A unique silver tetradrachm of Chios and an associated issue of drachms which came to light in 2001 can also be associated with the Chian issue of electrum staters. Several passages of Xenophon provide likely contexts from 406/5 for all five issues and illustrate how Spartan efforts to finance their fleet grew in sophistication over the course of the Ionian War.